Frequently Asked Questions About AEDs

An AED (Automated External Defibrillator) is a portable life-saving device used to treat sudden cardiac arrest (SCA), a condition where the heart suddenly stops beating effectively. The device analyzes the heart’s rhythm and, if necessary, delivers an electric shock (defibrillation) to help restore a normal rhythm. AEDs are designed to be easy to use by laypersons in emergencies.

An AED automatically assesses the electrical activity of a person’s heart and determines whether a shockable rhythm is present, such as ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia. If a shockable rhythm is detected, the device prompts the user to deliver a shock to help restore a normal heartbeat, improving the chances of survival.

AEDs are automated and specifically designed for use by non-medical individuals in public or workplace settings. They provide voice and visual prompts that guide the user through each step. Manual defibrillators, on the other hand, require interpretation of heart rhythms and manual adjustment of energy levels by trained healthcare professionals, typically in hospital or EMS environments.

No, AEDs are user-friendly and intended for use by people without medical training. They provide audible voice instructions and visual cues that guide the rescuer through pad placement, analysis, and shock delivery. In most cases, a bystander can use an AED effectively with minimal or no prior training.

No. AEDs only deliver a shock if they detect a specific type of abnormal, shockable heart rhythm such as ventricular fibrillation (VF) or pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT). If a non-shockable rhythm like asystole (flatline) or normal sinus rhythm is detected, the device will not allow a shock to be delivered, thereby preventing harm.

AEDs cannot “restart” a heart that has completely stopped (asystole). They are effective in treating disorganized electrical activity in the heart, such as VF or VT, by delivering a shock to allow the heart’s natural pacemaker to resume normal function. If the heart is in asystole, CPR must be continued until advanced care is available.

Focus on ease of use, visual/audio prompts, pediatric compatibility, battery/pad shelf life, warranty length, and customer support. User-friendliness and FDA/Health Canada approval are essential for non-medical workplace environments.

Yes. Some AEDs offer real-time CPR feedback, bilingual prompts, or Wi-Fi connectivity. Others may be more rugged for industrial use. It’s important to match the device features to your workplace needs.

No. AEDs are designed to work alongside CPR, not replace it. While the AED analyzes the heart and may deliver a shock, CPR helps maintain blood flow to the brain and other vital organs between shocks and until emergency responders arrive.

It’s very unlikely. AEDs are built with numerous safety features and will only deliver a shock if they detect a specific, shockable heart rhythm. They do not allow the user to manually override this function.

No. AEDs are programmed to only deliver a shock if it’s necessary. If a normal heart rhythm or a non-shockable rhythm is detected, the AED will not activate the shock function.

No. AEDs are built to be durable, tamper-resistant, and safe for public storage. When placed in secured but accessible cabinets, they pose no danger to the environment or passersby.

Not directly. AEDs are for sudden cardiac arrest, which involves an electrical issue in the heart. Heart attacks are caused by blocked blood flow. However, a heart attack can lead to cardiac arrest, in which case an AED becomes crucial.

In rare circumstances, especially where an AED is available and not used due to negligence, a lawsuit could occur. Proper signage, training, and a clear emergency protocol help mitigate legal risk.

No. AEDs operate entirely offline and are fully functional without internet access. However, some newer models offer optional Wi-Fi connectivity to notify managers about battery status or usage.

If the device is properly maintained and documented, legal protections typically apply even if the device fails. After use, report the failure to the manufacturer and retain logs showing routine maintenance and inspections.

In many countries, there are laws and regulations around workplace safety that may require AEDs to be available in certain types of businesses or industries, especially those with large workforces or high-risk environments (e.g., gyms, factories). In the U.S., for example, the Cardiac Arrest Survival Act and Good Samaritan Laws provide legal protections to organizations and individuals who use AEDs in good faith during an emergency. Organizations should check local regulations to ensure compliance.

Businesses with large staff numbers, physically demanding work, remote locations, or high public foot traffic should strongly consider installing AEDs. This includes construction sites, manufacturing plants, warehouses, fitness centers, office towers, and large retail spaces.

The rule of thumb is that an AED should be reachable within a 3-minute round-trip from any point in the facility. Large campuses or multi-story buildings may require multiple devices to meet this standard.

AEDs should be installed in visible, accessible, and central locations like break rooms, lobbies, or next to fire extinguishers. They should never be locked away or hidden behind barriers.

AEDs should be installed in visible, accessible, and central locations like break rooms, lobbies, or next to fire extinguishers. They should never be locked away or hidden behind barriers.

Yes. Since sudden cardiac arrest can happen to anyone at any time, AEDs should be accessible in areas where employees work, especially in locations with limited public access.

Most AEDs are designed for indoor, temperature-controlled environments. In cold or hot conditions, they must be stored in insulated or climate-controlled cabinets to remain functional.

Yes, especially for mobile teams. However, storage must meet the AED’s environmental guidelines for temperature and humidity to avoid damaging the battery or pads.

Yes. Avoid placing AED pads directly over the pacemaker or implantable device. Place the pads at least one inch away to ensure proper delivery of the shock.

Use an AED immediately when someone collapses, is unresponsive, and is not breathing or is gasping. Begin CPR, turn on the AED, and follow its prompts.

Yes. Use pediatric pads for children under 8 years or under 55 lbs. If pediatric pads are not available, adult pads can be used, placing them appropriately to avoid overlap.

Yes. There are no restrictions against using an AED on a pregnant woman. Prompt defibrillation can help save both mother and baby in a cardiac emergency.

Yes, but the chest should be dried as much as possible before pad placement. Moisture can interfere with proper pad adhesion and shock delivery.

A very hairy chest can reduce pad contact. Use a razor (usually included in the AED kit) to quickly shave the area where the pads will go.

This is a gray area. In public settings, responders are generally protected when using an AED in good faith, especially if the DNR order is not clearly communicated or visible.

Emergency services should take over as soon as they arrive. Leave the AED pads in place and, if possible, provide the AED event data stored in the device to paramedics or hospital staff.

Smart AEDs include features such as Wi-Fi connectivity for status monitoring, automatic self-checks, cloud reporting, GPS tracking for EMS, and bilingual voice prompts. These enhancements improve readiness, maintenance, and accessibility in emergency scenarios.

CPR coaching refers to real-time audio or visual feedback that helps guide the responder’s chest compression rate and depth. This feature helps even untrained bystanders deliver more effective, guideline-compliant CPR.

Pediatric mode adjusts the shock energy and guidance for use on children under 8 years old or weighing less than 55 lbs. Some AEDs use special pediatric electrode pads, while others have a built-in switch to toggle between adult and pediatric settings.

Yes. AEDs perform rhythm analysis before delivering a shock. They only advise and deliver a shock if a “shockable” rhythm like ventricular fibrillation (VF) or pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT) is detected.

Many AEDs are rated IP55 or higher, meaning they are resistant to dust and water jets. Some are specifically designed for outdoor or rugged use and can operate in extreme conditions with protective cases or cabinets.

Most modern AEDs can analyze heart rhythm and be ready to deliver a shock within 8 to 15 seconds. Faster response reduces time without compressions and improves survival rates in cardiac arrest cases.

AEDs typically use long-life lithium batteries designed for medical devices. Some batteries are user-replaceable and last 4–5 years in standby mode, while others are sealed and must be replaced by a technician.

Yes, some models support Wi-Fi or cellular connectivity for remote monitoring. This allows facility managers or safety officers to receive alerts for low battery, expired pads, or failed self-checks.

Yes. All public-access AEDs are required to have clear, step-by-step voice prompts that guide users through CPR and defibrillation. Some also include visual diagrams or screen displays for additional clarity.

Most AEDs used in workplaces are drop-tested and shock-resistant, designed to withstand harsh environments. Durability ratings and certification (such as IP or military standards) vary by brand and model.

Yes. AEDs should be visually inspected at least monthly and tested annually. Maintenance should follow the manufacturer’s schedule and include checking pad expiration dates and battery levels.

Evaluate AEDs based on ease of use, voice prompts, battery and pad costs, pediatric compatibility, and ruggedness. Also, ensure it meets your workplace size and employee training levels.

Leasing can be a cost-effective option for businesses with tight budget constraints or temporary needs. Buying is typically much more cost-effective long-term, especially when planning to maintain a permanent AED program with full ownership and fewer restrictions.

Most AEDs have a lifespan of 8–10 years with proper maintenance making purchase a better option. However, batteries and electrode pads require regular replacement every 2–5 years, depending on the model and usage.

In some jurisdictions, AED purchases may qualify as deductible safety equipment or capital expenses. Always consult a tax professional to determine eligibility for deductions or credits.

Look for vendors with strong after-sales support, clear warranty terms, affordable replacement parts, and available training programs. Verify that their devices are FDA/Health Canada approved and suitable for your work environment.

Yes, most AEDs come with warranties ranging from 5 to 8 years. Ensure your vendor provides full documentation and honors warranty servicing.

Trusted brands include Zoll, Philips, Defibtech, Physio-Control (now part of Stryker), and Cardiac Science. All have FDA/Health Canada-approved models with long-standing reputations in public and workplace settings.

Yes. Models designed for rugged or outdoor use may offer temperature-resistant cases, waterproofing, and higher durability ratings (IP55 or higher). Not all brands are rated for extreme conditions.

Distributors often provide better pricing, bundled services (training, maintenance plans), and faster delivery. However, confirm that they’re authorized sellers and offer official warranties and support.

Look at included training, maintenance reminders, EMS registration support, pad/battery replacement tracking, and customer service accessibility. These can significantly impact long-term program success.

Plan for $1,200–$2,500 per unit, plus ongoing costs for batteries, pads, and training. For a complete program over 5 years , budget $3,000–$4,000 per AED.

Yes, but only buy from authorized vendors  to ensure your unit is FDA/Health Canada-approved and includes full warranty and support.

New AEDs come with full warranties and the latest technology which reduces cost over time. Refurbished units may be more affordable, but carry risks associated with reliability. Always verify certification, battery age, and support terms.

Not necessarily. Some models come with child/pediatric modes built in, while others require separate pediatric pads. Expect to pay $80–$150 extra for that capability.

Yes, standardizing on one model simplifies training, maintenance, and supply management and likely lowers maintenance costs. Just make sure the model fits the environment of each location.

Yes. Certain models are built with higher IP ratings (water/dust resistance), shockproof housings, and larger buttons for gloved use — ideal for manufacturing or outdoor settings.

Check the manufacturer’s website for a list of authorized dealers, or ask for documentation. Authorized sellers ensure the unit is new, registered, and supported.

There is no blanket federal mandate requiring AEDs in all workplaces in the U.S., but many states and municipalities have enacted laws requiring AEDs in specific locations such as gyms, schools, or government buildings. OSHA does not mandate AEDs but strongly recommends them for high-risk environments where workers may experience cardiac arrest. Many companies voluntarily adopt AED programs as part of workplace safety initiatives.

AED requirements in Canada are regulated at the provincial and territorial level. Some provinces, such as Manitoba and Ontario, mandate AEDs in certain public or high-traffic areas. While workplace mandates are rare, most provinces encourage businesses to install AEDs as part of their occupational health and safety practices. Some industries with elevated health risks may be required to provide them under specific regulations.

All 50 U.S. states have Good Samaritan laws that provide legal protection to individuals who use an AED in good faith during an emergency. These laws are designed to encourage bystander response without fear of liability. However, protection usually depends on the AED being properly maintained and used in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.

Yes. All provinces and territories in Canada offer legal protection for individuals who use AEDs while assisting someone in medical distress. These laws typically protect both trained and untrained rescuers from liability, provided they act reasonably, in good faith, and do not display gross negligence.

In jurisdictions where AEDs are not legally required, businesses typically aren’t held liable for not having one. However, if an incident occurs in a high-risk environment and an AED could have prevented harm or death, the absence of one might be considered negligence. In regulated industries or locations with AED mandates, failure to install an AED could lead to fines or legal consequences.

While lawsuits are always possible, companies are generally protected under Good Samaritan laws if AEDs are used in good faith and in accordance with the device’s instructions. To reduce legal risk, businesses should ensure that staff are trained, the AED is maintained per manufacturer guidelines, and the device is part of an established emergency response protocol.

Proper recordkeeping is essential for both legal compliance and effective AED management. This includes maintaining:

• A log of monthly checks confirming the device is functional.

• Records of battery and pad replacements with expiration dates.

• Training certifications for staff members.

• Incident reports whenever an AED is used.
  This documentation may be required during inspections or in the event of litigation.

Yes in many regions. Inadequate maintenance may void legal protections under Good Samaritan laws and may result in liability if the AED fails during an emergency.

Yes. Interfering with public AED units can result in fines or criminal charges. AEDs are emergency medical equipment and should be treated with the same respect as fire extinguishers or alarms.

There is no universal law in the U.S. or Canada requiring all businesses to have AEDs, but some industries and provinces/states do mandate them for high-risk environments. Even when not required, employers may be liable under general duty clauses if AEDs could have prevented harm.

Yes. In both the U.S. and Canada, Good Samaritan laws generally protect AED users from liability when assisting in good faith. These protections apply to trained and untrained users, including employees acting during emergencies.

AEDs can reduce risk rather than increase it when properly managed. Most general liability insurance policies cover AED use, but businesses should consult their insurer to ensure coverage and compliance with training and maintenance obligations.

If used in good faith and as part of an emergency response, businesses and staff are generally protected under Good Samaritan laws. However, failure to maintain or monitor the AED could increase legal exposure.

Not usually. AEDs are considered low-risk medical devices, and most business insurance policies will not require a separate rider. Still, it’s smart to notify your provider to ensure proper documentation and clarity.

Generally not, if the AED is placed in a public access location and maintained. In fact, offering public access AEDs can demonstrate safety leadership and reduce liability by meeting or exceeding recommended standards.

Regular device maintenance, up-to-date staff training, proper signage, and documented procedures all help. Some states/provinces require AED registration with EMS or a physician’s oversight—compliance with these requirements also reduces risk.

No—when managed properly, AEDs dramatically reduce legal risk. The benefits of preparedness and Good Samaritan protections outweigh rare incidents of equipment misuse or failure.

Not legally, but many businesses implement internal policies or staff consent acknowledgments as part of emergency preparedness. These help clarify who is authorized to respond and how to document AED use.

Yes, AEDs can be used on children experiencing sudden cardiac arrest. Most AEDs come with pediatric settings or pads designed to deliver a lower-energy shock suitable for children.

Pediatric protocols typically apply to children under 8 years old or weighing less than 55 pounds (25 kg). Children over this threshold should be treated with standard adult pads and settings.

Pediatric pads are designed to reduce the electrical charge delivered by the AED. They are smaller and usually placed differently on the chest and back, allowing for safe and effective defibrillation in smaller bodies.

Some AEDs are built with pediatric modes that activate automatically with the insertion of child pads. Others allow manual switching to pediatric mode. When selecting an AED for environments with children, ensure it includes this functionality.

AED/CPR training should include specific instruction on pediatric pad placement and shock protocols. Practice scenarios help staff confidently handle pediatric cardiac emergencies.

Use on infants is generally not recommended unless pediatric pads and protocols are specifically supported by the AED. In emergencies, professional medical assistance should be summoned immediately, and CPR should be started without delay.

Pediatric AED readiness is especially important in schools, daycares, sports facilities, community centers, and family entertainment venues where children are frequently present.

Yes. Pediatric pads must be stored with the AED or clearly labeled and accessible nearby. They have different shelf lives than adult pads and must be tracked separately for expiration.

It’s not required in most cases, but if your location is public-facing or visited by families, it’s a responsible and potentially life-saving precaution to include pediatric capabilities.

An AED program is a formalized plan for placing, maintaining, and using Automated External Defibrillators within a workplace or organization. It ensures AEDs are accessible, staff are prepared, and legal and safety guidelines are followed — improving emergency readiness and legal protection.

Typically, a designated program coordinator, such as a workplace safety officer or facilities manager, oversees the AED program. In some jurisdictions, especially in the U.S., a licensed physician or medical director is required to provide oversight and review usage reports.

Yes. Registering AEDs with local EMS agencies is highly recommended and required in many U.S. states and Canadian provinces. Registration allows first responders to know the AED’s location in emergencies, which can significantly reduce response times.

Core AED policies should cover device placement, maintenance schedules, responder roles, training requirements, post-incident procedures, and compliance with local regulations. Written protocols ensure consistency and legal defensibility.

In the U.S., many states require a physician or licensed healthcare provider to oversee AED programs. In Canada, requirements vary by province; while formal oversight is often not required, having medical review and input is still recommended.

Incorporate AED use into your company’s Emergency Action Plan (EAP). Define responder roles, include AED training in safety briefings, run drills, and make sure AEDs are accessible during all work shifts. This promotes team readiness and compliance.

Either method is acceptable, but digital tracking (via spreadsheets or software) offers better accessibility, consistency, and audit readiness. The key is ensuring checks are done routinely and that records are available if reviewed by authorities or legal teams.

Review the entire AED program annually or whenever there are major changes in equipment, laws, or personnel. Conduct periodic drills, retrain responders as needed, and verify that policies align with the latest regional standards.

The most common errors include: failing to maintain the device, not training enough staff, ignoring registration requirements, and not having a clear post-use protocol. Avoiding these mistakes ensures your AEDs are ready and your team is prepared.

Answer:
Key personnel, especially those designated as first responders (e.g., security staff, HR personnel, managers), should undergo CPR and AED certification training. Training should cover:

• How to perform CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) properly.
• How to use an AED safely, including step-by-step instructions on placing the pads, delivering a shock, and following the AED’s prompts.
• Recognizing cardiac arrest symptoms and understanding when to use the AED.
• Basic first aid skills to help stabilize the patient until emergency services arrive.

It is recommended that training be refreshed every 1–2 years to ensure competency.

While not legally required in many regions, AED/CPR training is strongly recommended. It enhances responder confidence and improves outcomes during a cardiac emergency.

Basic AED and CPR training usually takes 2 to 4 hours. Courses are offered by organizations such as the American Heart Association, Canadian Red Cross, and workplace safety providers.

Most certifications last 1 to 2 years. Regular refresher training ensures that staff stay familiar with the equipment and updated protocols.

AEDs are designed for use by laypeople with no training, and Good Samaritan laws in both the U.S. and Canada provide legal protection when used in good faith.

Training as many employees as possible increases the chance that someone capable will be available during an emergency, especially in shift-based workplaces or large teams.

Regular servicing of AEDs ensures that the device is in optimal working condition, ready for use in an emergency. The checks typically involve verifying the battery charge, ensuring the electrode pads are not expired or damaged, confirming the device’s software is up-to-date, and testing its overall functionality. Proper servicing reduces the risk of malfunction when the AED is needed most, which can be crucial for saving lives during a cardiac emergency.

There are generally two types of service for AEDs:

• Routine Maintenance:
  This includes regular visual checks and functional testing, which may involve:
  • Checking the battery status and replacing it when necessary.
  • Inspecting electrode pads for expiration or wear.
  • Testing the AED’s functionality, such as ensuring it delivers a shock when required.
  • Verifying the device’s display and audio prompts work correctly.
• Preventive Maintenance:
  This more in-depth service is typically conducted annually (or as per manufacturer recommendations) and may include:
  • Full diagnostic testing.
  • Software updates (if applicable).
  • Replacement of worn-out parts.
  • Calibration and performance checks to ensure the device is up to standards.

AEDs should undergo regular service by experienced technicians based on the following guidelines:

• Routine checks: Conducted monthly or quarterly to ensure the device is functioning properly.
• Preventive maintenance: Typically done once a year, or as recommended by the manufacturer.
• Battery replacement: Batteries should be replaced every 3–5 years, depending on usage and manufacturer specifications.

Electrode pad replacement: Pads usually need replacing every 2 years, or when they have expired, whichever comes first.

If an AED is not regularly serviced, it may malfunction when needed most. Common issues include:

• Expired or damaged electrode pads that may not deliver a shock.
• Depleted or faulty batteries leading to a device failure.
• Software malfunctions that could affect the functionality of the AED.

In these cases, the AED might not be able to assist in a life-saving situation, which could have severe consequences.

Proper placement and signage are crucial to ensure AEDs are easily located in emergencies. Consider the following:

• High-traffic areas: Place AEDs in visible and accessible locations, such as near entrances, elevators, stairwells, or in common areas like hallways and break rooms.
• Clear signage: Use clear and easily recognizable signs with a heart symbol and a lightning bolt to indicate AED locations. Signs should be placed at eye level and be illuminated or visible even in low light.
• Centralized locations: In large organizations, consider placing AEDs in multiple strategic locations, especially on each floor or in areas where large groups gather.

AEDs should be stored in a clean, dry environment that maintains a temperature between 50°F and 104°F (10°C to 40°C). Avoid storing them in areas with excessive heat, humidity, or direct sunlight, as these conditions can degrade the device’s components over time.

The number of AEDs required depends on factors such as the size of the organization, the number of employees, and the layout of the facility. A general guideline is:

• One AED per floor for multi-story buildings.
• One AED for every 1,000–2,000 people in a workplace, with additional devices based on the number of employees in high-risk areas (e.g., manufacturing plants, gyms).

It’s essential to conduct a risk assessment to determine the appropriate coverage for your specific facility.

To keep track of AEDs in large organizations, consider using:

• AED management software: This software helps track the service history, battery status, expiration dates of pads, and other key maintenance data. Some systems can send reminders for service intervals and track the location of devices.
• Regular checklists: Implement a routine check and log system to document the condition and service history of each AED.

After an AED has been used in an emergency situation:

• Report the incident: Document the use of the AED, including the time, date, and condition of the patient. This information may be necessary for legal, insurance, or medical follow-up.
• Inspect and replace components: Immediately inspect the AED’s pads, battery, and functionality. Replace the pads if they were used, and replace the battery if necessary.
• Return the AED to service: After any needed replacement parts and maintenance, ensure the AED is fully operational and ready for use in the future.

Typically, the Health and Safety Officer, Facility Manager, or Designated AED Coordinator is responsible for the oversight of AEDs in an organization and ensuring regular maintenance is performed. This person should ensure the following:

• Regular inspections and servicing are done.
• Employees are trained in AED use.
• AEDs are in accessible locations with appropriate signage.
• Service records are maintained for audit purposes.

A trained employee such as a safety officer or facility manager should be responsible for overseeing that regular maintenance is done. They should maintain logs of inspections and ensure replacements are ordered when needed. Engaging a service company with trained AED technicians is advisable.